{"id":17692,"date":"2020-09-10T14:52:08","date_gmt":"2020-09-10T18:52:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/antilla-martinique.com\/?p=17692"},"modified":"2020-09-10T14:52:08","modified_gmt":"2020-09-10T18:52:08","slug":"une-revolution-microscopique-des-scientifiques-ont-observe-des-atomes-individuels","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/antilla-martinique.com\/en\/une-revolution-microscopique-des-scientifiques-ont-observe-des-atomes-individuels\/","title":{"rendered":"Une r\u00e9volution microscopique: des scientifiques ont observ\u00e9 des atomes individuels"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"article-header__chapo\">La technique de la cryo-microscopie \u00e9lectronique affine les contours de l&rsquo;infiniment petit.<\/p>\n<p class=\"article-header__infos article-infos\">Rep\u00e9r\u00e9 par Robin Tutenges sur <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-020-01658-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Nature<\/a><\/p>\n<p>En utilisant la cryo-microscopie \u00e9lectronique (cryo-ME), une m\u00e9thode qui bouleverse l&rsquo;imagerie des biomol\u00e9cules, des \u00e9quipes de recherche allemande et britannique sont parvenues \u00e0 produire des images d&rsquo;atomes d&rsquo;une pr\u00e9cision in\u00e9gal\u00e9e \u00e0 ce jour, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-020-01658-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">rapporte la revue Nature<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Contrairement au microscope traditionnel, le microscope \u00e9lectronique utilis\u00e9 ici ne place pas l&rsquo;\u00e9chantillon \u00e9tudi\u00e9 au milieu d&rsquo;un faisceau de lumi\u00e8re, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.francebleu.fr\/infos\/sante-sciences\/qu-est-ce-que-la-cryo-microscopie-electronique-cette-technique-qui-recompensee-par-le-prix-nobel-de-1507126758\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">mais sur le chemin d&rsquo;un rayon o\u00f9 circulent des \u00e9lectrons<\/a>, ce qui lui offre une r\u00e9solution atomique.<\/p>\n<p>Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des lentilles \u00e9lectromagn\u00e9tiques, les scientifiques ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 discerner des atomes dans une prot\u00e9ine avec un niveau de d\u00e9tail d&rsquo;environ\u00a01,2 <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u00e5ngstr\u00f6m<\/a> (1,2 \u00d7 10<sup>-10<\/sup>m).<\/p>\n<div class=\"css-1dbjc4n\">\n<div class=\"css-901oao r-hkyrab r-1dqbpge r-1qd0xha r-1b6yd1w r-16dba41 r-ad9z0x r-bcqeeo r-bnwqim r-qvutc0\" dir=\"auto\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"css-901oao css-16my406 r-1qd0xha r-ad9z0x r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0\">Cryo-electron microscopy breaks a key barrier that will allow the workings of proteins to be probed in unprecedented detail.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-1dbjc4n r-156q2ks\">\n<div class=\"css-1dbjc4n r-9x6qib r-1ylenci r-1phboty r-rs99b7 r-1ny4l3l r-1udh08x r-o7ynqc r-6416eg\">\n<div class=\"css-1dbjc4n r-uvzvve r-pm2fo r-zmljjp r-rull8r r-qklmqi r-1adg3ll\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<div class=\"css-1dbjc4n r-1adg3ll r-1udh08x\">\n<div class=\"r-1adg3ll r-13qz1uu\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"r-1p0dtai r-1pi2tsx r-1d2f490 r-u8s1d r-ipm5af r-13qz1uu\">\n<div class=\"css-1dbjc4n r-1p0dtai r-1mlwlqe r-1d2f490 r-1udh08x r-u8s1d r-zchlnj r-ipm5af r-417010\" aria-label=\"\">\n<div class=\"css-1dbjc4n r-1niwhzg r-vvn4in r-u6sd8q r-4gszlv r-1p0dtai r-1pi2tsx r-1d2f490 r-u8s1d r-zchlnj r-ipm5af r-13qz1uu r-1wyyakw\"><\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"css-9pa8cd\" src=\"https:\/\/pbs.twimg.com\/card_img\/1289997727196045313\/8q3SOqUW?format=jpg&amp;name=900x900\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-1dbjc4n\">\n<div class=\"css-1dbjc4n r-16y2uox r-1wbh5a2 r-1777fci r-1mi0q7o r-utggzx r-m611by\">\n<div class=\"css-1dbjc4n r-zl2h9q\">\n<div class=\"css-901oao css-cens5h r-hkyrab r-1qd0xha r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-ad9z0x r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0\" dir=\"auto\">Cryo-EM used to visualize individual atoms for first time<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"optidigital-adslot-Content_1\" class=\"Content_1 optidigital-ad-center\" data-adslot-id=\"optidigital-adslot-1-Content_1\" data-google-query-id=\"CLmD3IKLl-sCFcKxnwod2vIKFA\">\n<p>C&rsquo;est surtout la nettet\u00e9 des images qui distingue ces \u00e9tudes des travaux pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents. La technique de cryo-ME s&rsquo;affranchit de colorant ou de fixateur chimique; l&rsquo;\u00e9tat originel des \u00e9chantillons biologiques est conserv\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cryo-microscopie_%C3%A9lectronique\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">en les congelant tr\u00e8s rapidement sous forme hydrat\u00e9e<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Pour Holger Stark, chercheur \u00e0 l&rsquo;Institut Max Planck de chimie biophysique \u00e0 G\u00f6ttingen (Allemagne) et auteur principal de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biorxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.05.21.106740v1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">l&rsquo;une des deux \u00e9tudes d\u00e9voil\u00e9es sur BioRxiv<\/a>, cette prouesse constitue<em> \u00abune \u00e9tape importante\u00bb<\/em>. Son \u00e9quipe a r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 d\u00e9passer<em> \u00abla derni\u00e8re barri\u00e8re de r\u00e9solution\u00bb, <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-020-01658-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">se r\u00e9jouit-il<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;autre \u00e9tude, dirig\u00e9e par le Laboratoire de biologie mol\u00e9culaire du Medical Research Council (MRC-LMB) de Cambridge, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biorxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.05.22.110189v1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">est \u00e9galement disponible en pr\u00e9publication.<\/a><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Applications m\u00e9dicales<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Pouvoir observer le fonctionnement des prot\u00e9ines est une avanc\u00e9e spectaculaire pour la m\u00e9decine. La cryo-microscopie \u00e9lectronique ouvre la voie \u00e0 l&rsquo;analyse de tous types de composants biologiques, y compris les virus.<\/p>\n<p>En 2016, la technique a d\u00e9j\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.futura-sciences.com\/sciences\/actualites\/chimie-prix-nobel-chimie-2017-cryo-microscopie-electronique-68814\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">d\u00e9voil\u00e9 la structure du virus Zika<\/a>, et si l&rsquo;on a une aussi bonne vision du VIH ou du virus de la dengue, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.fr\/2017\/10\/04\/vih-zika-alzheimer-comment-la-decouverte-des-prix-nobel-de-chimie-a-revolutionne-la-biologie_a_23232382\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">c&rsquo;est aussi gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la cryo-ME<\/a>. \u00c0 l&rsquo;avenir, celle-ci pourrait permettre de comprendre le r\u00f4le des prot\u00e9ines sur notre sant\u00e9 et ouvrir le champ \u00e0 de nouveaux traitements.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La technique de la cryo-microscopie \u00e9lectronique affine les contours de l&rsquo;infiniment petit. Rep\u00e9r\u00e9 par Robin Tutenges sur Nature En utilisant la cryo-microscopie \u00e9lectronique (cryo-ME), une m\u00e9thode qui bouleverse l&rsquo;imagerie des biomol\u00e9cules, des \u00e9quipes de recherche allemande et britannique sont parvenues \u00e0 produire des images d&rsquo;atomes d&rsquo;une pr\u00e9cision in\u00e9gal\u00e9e \u00e0 ce jour, rapporte la revue Nature.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":17695,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":"","rank_math_focus_keyword":"","rank_math_title":"","rank_math_description":"","rank_math_canonical_url":"","rank_math_robots":null,"rank_math_facebook_title":"","rank_math_facebook_description":"","rank_math_twitter_title":"","rank_math_twitter_description":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17692","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-actualite"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/antilla-martinique.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17692","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/antilla-martinique.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/antilla-martinique.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antilla-martinique.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/33"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antilla-martinique.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17692"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/antilla-martinique.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17692\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antilla-martinique.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17695"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/antilla-martinique.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17692"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antilla-martinique.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17692"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antilla-martinique.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17692"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}