{"id":84194,"date":"2025-12-22T08:50:08","date_gmt":"2025-12-22T07:50:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/antilla-martinique.com\/?p=84194"},"modified":"2025-12-22T09:30:31","modified_gmt":"2025-12-22T08:30:31","slug":"macf-une-taxe-carbone-europeenne-inadaptee-qui-menace-les-economies-des-antilles-et-de-la-guyane-tribune-jean-claude-florentiny","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/antilla-martinique.com\/en\/macf-une-taxe-carbone-europeenne-inadaptee-qui-menace-les-economies-des-antilles-et-de-la-guyane-tribune-jean-claude-florentiny\/","title":{"rendered":"MACF: An Inappropriate European Carbon Tax That Threatens the Economies of the Caribbean and French Guiana. Op-Ed by Jean Claude Florentiny-"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019entr\u00e9e en vigueur, au\u00a0<strong>January 1, 2026<\/strong>, du\u00a0<strong>Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM)<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 souvent qualifi\u00e9 de\u00a0<em>taxe carbone \u00e0 l\u2019importation<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 pr\u00e9vu par le\u00a0<strong>r\u00e8glement (UE) 2023\/956<\/strong>, fait peser une\u00a0<strong>menace \u00e9conomique et sociale\u00a0<\/strong>sur les territoires fran\u00e7ais d\u2019Am\u00e9rique :\u00a0<strong>la Martinique, la Guadeloupe<\/strong><strong>,\u00a0<\/strong><strong>la Guyane<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>mais<\/strong><strong>\u00a0aussi\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u00e0\u00a0<\/strong><strong>la R\u00e9union<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Con\u00e7u pour r\u00e9pondre aux enjeux industriels du continent europ\u00e9en, ce m\u00e9canisme a \u00e9t\u00e9 pens\u00e9\u00a0<strong>hors-sol<\/strong>, sans consid\u00e9ration pour les r\u00e9alit\u00e9s structurelles des\u00a0<strong>R\u00e9gions ultrap\u00e9riph\u00e9riques (RUP)<\/strong>. Il ignore nos contraintes de\u00a0<strong>distance, d\u2019insularit\u00e9, de d\u00e9pendance aux importations et de faiblesse des march\u00e9s locaux<\/strong>, renfor\u00e7ant m\u00e9caniquement une orientation forc\u00e9e des flux commerciaux vers l\u2019Europe, au d\u00e9triment de notre\u00a0<strong>bassin g\u00e9ographique naturel : la Cara\u00efbe et l\u2019Am\u00e9rique du Sud<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un rench\u00e9rissement massif des co\u00fbts essentiels.<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>Appliqu\u00e9 aux Antilles et \u00e0 la Guyane, le MACF entra\u00eenera un\u00a0<strong>surco\u00fbt imm\u00e9diat et durable<\/strong>\u00a0sur des intrants strat\u00e9giques :<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u00a0le\u00a0<strong>clinker<\/strong>\u00a0n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 la production de ciment,<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u00a0les\u00a0<strong>ciments et b\u00e9tons<\/strong>\u00a0utilis\u00e9s par les entreprises du BTP et les particuliers,<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u00a0les\u00a0<strong>aciers transform\u00e9s<\/strong>\u00a0and the\u2019<strong>aluminium<\/strong>,<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u00a0les\u00a0<strong>produits azot\u00e9s<\/strong>\u00a0indispensables \u00e0 l\u2019agriculture,<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022\u00a0et, de fa\u00e7on transversale, une hausse du\u00a0<strong>co\u00fbt du transport maritime<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans des territoires o\u00f9\u00a0<strong>tout ou presque est import\u00e9<\/strong>, cette inflation m\u00e9canique se r\u00e9percutera directement sur le\u00a0<strong>co\u00fbt du logement<\/strong>, the\u00a0<strong>infrastructures publiques<\/strong>, the\u00a0<strong>production agricole<\/strong>et, in fine, sur le\u00a0<strong>pouvoir d\u2019achat des populations\u00a0<\/strong><strong>antillo<\/strong><strong>-guyanaises<\/strong>, d\u00e9j\u00e0 fortement fragilis\u00e9.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Une incoh\u00e9rence avec la lutte contre la vie ch\u00e8re<\/strong><strong>.\u00a0<\/strong>Cette nouvelle contrainte europ\u00e9enne intervient au pire moment.<br \/>Alors que l\u2019\u00c9tat et les collectivit\u00e9s sont engag\u00e9s dans des discussions et des dispositifs visant \u00e0\u00a0<strong>endiguer la vie ch\u00e8re<\/strong>, at\u00a0<strong>r\u00e9former l\u2019octroi de mer<\/strong>\u00a0et \u00e0\u00a0<strong>r\u00e9duire les co\u00fbts d\u2019approche<\/strong>, le MACF viendrait\u00a0<strong>aggraver structurellement les prix<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il s\u2019agit l\u00e0 d\u2019une\u00a0<strong>contradiction majeure<\/strong>\u00a0: d\u2019un c\u00f4t\u00e9, on cherche \u00e0 fluidifier les \u00e9changes r\u00e9gionaux et \u00e0 favoriser des approvisionnements plus proches g\u00e9ographiquement ; de l\u2019autre, on impose une taxe carbone qui\u00a0<strong>rench\u00e9rit pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment ces flux<\/strong>, poussant paradoxalement \u00e0 continuer d\u2019importer depuis l\u2019Europe, au prix de trajets plus longs et plus polluants.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Une entrave \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9gration r\u00e9gionale carib\u00e9enne<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour les Antilles et la Guyane, le MACF constitue un\u00a0<strong>frein direct \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9gration r\u00e9gionale<\/strong>.<br \/>Il p\u00e9nalise les \u00e9changes avec les pays de la\u00a0<strong>Cara\u00efbe et de l\u2019Am\u00e9rique du Sud<\/strong>, pourtant essentiels \u00e0 la s\u00e9curisation des approvisionnements, \u00e0 la diversification des sources et \u00e0 la construction d\u2019un\u00a0<strong>v\u00e9ritable espace \u00e9conomique\u00a0<\/strong><strong>antillo<\/strong><strong>-guyanais<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cette logique va \u00e0 rebours des ambitions affich\u00e9es de coop\u00e9ration r\u00e9gionale, et fragilise les perspectives de\u00a0<strong>march\u00e9 unique antillais<\/strong>, de cabotage r\u00e9gional et de plateformes logistiques de proximit\u00e9.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un manquement au droit europ\u00e9en des RUP.\u00a0Le MACF, dans sa version actuelle, m\u00e9conna\u00eet l\u2019article 349 du Trait\u00e9 sur le fonctionnement de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne (TFUE), qui impose explicitement une adaptation des politiques europ\u00e9ennes aux contraintes sp\u00e9cifiques des RUP.\u00a0 \u00a0Mais o\u00f9 sont pass\u00e9s nos politiques\u00a0?\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les acteurs \u00e9conomiques des Antilles et de la Guyane ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 alert\u00e9 sur les\u00a0<strong>cons\u00e9quences potentiellement\u00a0<\/strong><strong>graves<\/strong>\u00a0de ce dispositif s\u2019il devait \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9 sans am\u00e9nagement.\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il est donc imp\u00e9ratif qu\u2019une\u00a0<strong>\u00e9tude d\u2019impact sp\u00e9cifique aux territoires\u00a0<\/strong><strong>antillo<\/strong><strong>-guyanais<\/strong>\u00a0soit men\u00e9e\u00a0<strong>avant toute mise en \u0153uvre<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Une exigence politique claire : adapter ou suspendre<\/strong><strong>.\u00a0<\/strong>Cette position doit \u00eatre d\u00e9fendue\u00a0<strong>sans ambigu\u00eft\u00e9<\/strong>\u00a0aupr\u00e8s de la\u00a0<strong>European Commission<\/strong>.<br \/>Il est indispensable que le Gouvernement, en lien \u00e9troit avec les \u00e9lus locaux, les organisations professionnelles et les acteurs \u00e9conomiques, porte une demande claire :\u00a0<strong>l\u2019adaptation profonde, voire la non-application du MACF dans les Antilles<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u00a0French Guiana<\/strong><strong>\u00a0ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 la R\u00e9union<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Appliqu\u00e9 en l\u2019\u00e9tat, ce r\u00e8glement mettrait en p\u00e9ril des fili\u00e8res enti\u00e8res, renforcerait la d\u00e9pendance aux importations lointaines et\u00a0<strong>aggraverait la pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 sociale<\/strong>, au moment m\u00eame o\u00f9 la coh\u00e9sion territoriale et la r\u00e9silience \u00e9conomique devraient \u00eatre des priorit\u00e9s absolues.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jean Claude\u00a0Florentiny<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dirigeant du cabinet d\u2019expertise Global Services &amp;\u00a0Logistics<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Conseiller du Commerce Ext\u00e9rieur de France<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; L\u2019entr\u00e9e en vigueur, au\u00a01er janvier 2026, du\u00a0M\u00e9canisme d\u2019Ajustement Carbone aux Fronti\u00e8res (MACF)\u00a0\u2013 souvent qualifi\u00e9 de\u00a0taxe carbone \u00e0 l\u2019importation\u00a0\u2013 pr\u00e9vu par le\u00a0r\u00e8glement (UE) 2023\/956, fait peser une\u00a0menace \u00e9conomique et sociale\u00a0sur les territoires fran\u00e7ais d\u2019Am\u00e9rique :\u00a0la Martinique, la Guadeloupe,\u00a0la Guyane\u00a0mais\u00a0aussi\u00a0\u00e0\u00a0la R\u00e9union. Con\u00e7u pour r\u00e9pondre aux enjeux industriels du continent europ\u00e9en, ce m\u00e9canisme a \u00e9t\u00e9 pens\u00e9\u00a0hors-sol,<\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":84197,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":"","rank_math_focus_keyword":"","rank_math_title":"","rank_math_description":"","rank_math_canonical_url":"","rank_math_robots":null,"rank_math_facebook_title":"","rank_math_facebook_description":"","rank_math_twitter_title":"","rank_math_twitter_description":""},"categories":[2,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-84194","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-actualite","category-latribune"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/antilla-martinique.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84194","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/antilla-martinique.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/antilla-martinique.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antilla-martinique.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/33"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antilla-martinique.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=84194"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/antilla-martinique.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84194\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antilla-martinique.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/84197"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/antilla-martinique.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=84194"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antilla-martinique.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=84194"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antilla-martinique.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=84194"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}