{"id":84622,"date":"2026-01-02T02:10:05","date_gmt":"2026-01-02T06:10:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/antilla-martinique.com\/?p=84622"},"modified":"2026-01-02T05:55:49","modified_gmt":"2026-01-02T09:55:49","slug":"cesaire-a-de-gaulle-la-france-a-forge-lhomme-martiniquais-les-contrechroniques-dyves-leopold-monthieux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/antilla-martinique.com\/en\/cesaire-a-de-gaulle-la-france-a-forge-lhomme-martiniquais-les-contrechroniques-dyves-leopold-monthieux\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e9saire to de Gaulle: France Shaped the Man from Martinique. The Counter-Chronicles of Yves-L\u00e9opold Monthieux"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n

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Nous sommes fin d\u00e9cembre 2025,<\/span> la comm\u00e9moration de<\/span> d\u00e9cembre 1959<\/span> a \u00e9t\u00e9 zapp\u00e9e. <\/span>Bizarre !<\/span> On n\u2019en parle n<\/span>i dans l<\/span>a presse<\/span> ni dans le monde culturel. <\/span>A<\/span> autre<\/span> \u00e9v\u00e8nement <\/span>is<\/span> oubli\u00e9<\/span> par l\u2019histoire<\/span>,<\/span> qu\u2019on peut rattacher au premier, <\/span>qui s\u2019ins\u00e8re dans une continuit\u00e9 en trompe l\u2019\u0153il<\/span> de la politique martiniquaise<\/span>. <\/span>Moins d\u2019un an apr\u00e8s l\u2019installation de la 5\u00e8me R\u00e9publique et <\/span>de son premier pr\u00e9sident,<\/span> Charles de Gaulle<\/span>, les incidents de<\/span> d\u00e9cembre 1959<\/span>, donc, <\/span>donnent<\/span> the <\/span>coup d\u2019envoi<\/span> \u00e0 <\/span>un nouveau cycle politique<\/span>en Martinique<\/span>.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\u00c0 cet instant <\/span>pr\u00e9cis <\/span>na<\/span>\u00eet<\/span> le nationalisme martiniquais<\/span>. Il<\/span> se voudrait<\/span> \u00eatre<\/span> antillo-guyanais <\/span>\u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur du FAGA (<\/span>Front <\/span>a<\/span>ntillo-guyanais pour l\u2019autonomie<\/span>)<\/span> sous l\u2019\u00e9gide d\u2019une personnalit\u00e9<\/span> guadeloup\u00e9enne<\/span> tran<\/span>s<\/span>cendante<\/span>, Albert<\/span> B\u00e9ville<\/span>. <\/span>L<\/span>a mort brutale <\/span>de celui-ci <\/span>ouvre la voie <\/span>au r\u00e8gne martiniquais <\/span>sur les bords de la Seine <\/span>et \u00e0<\/span> l<\/span>\u2019OJAM.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00e9cembre 59<\/span>, donc. <\/span>This <\/span>n\u2019<\/span>is<\/span> pas la <\/span>bataille<\/span> d<\/span>e Vert<\/span>i<\/span>\u00e8res<\/span> en Ha\u00efti<\/span>. Ce n\u2019est pas non plus l\u2019h\u00e9ro\u00efsme de Louis Delg<\/span>r<\/span>\u00e8s<\/span> en Guadeloupe<\/span>. Q<\/span>u\u2019importe<\/span>, the<\/span>a litt\u00e9rature <\/span>d\u00e9cembriste<\/span> a <\/span>trouv\u00e9<\/span> ses h\u00e9ros<\/span> : de jeunes <\/span>\u201canticolonialistes<\/span> prenant les armes<\/span> contre le colonisateur<\/span>\u201d<\/span>,<\/span> \u00e9crira malicieusement<\/span> l\u2019historien Benjamin Stora<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

A<\/span>u prix de la mort de 3 d\u2019entre eux<\/span>, ils <\/span>o<\/span>nt<\/span> bout\u00e9<\/span> hors de l\u2019\u00eele une force<\/span> du pouvoir colonial, les CRS<\/span>, accus\u00e9s de crimes <\/span>en Martinique<\/span>. C\u2019est<\/span>, avant la lettre,<\/span> le fake soigneusement entretenu depuis pr\u00e8s de <\/span>66<\/span> ans par <\/span>nos<\/span> historiens<\/span>.<\/span> L\u2019un d\u2019eux confiait<\/span>, qui l\u2019entendait ainsi,<\/span> que la Martinique avait besoin de militants et non d\u2019historiens. <\/span>Or l<\/span>a<\/span> v\u00e9rit\u00e9<\/span> est aujourd\u2019hui<\/span> \u00e9tablie<\/span> that <\/span>\u201c<\/span>les CRS n\u2019ont jamais tu\u00e9 personne en Martinique<\/span>\u201d<\/span> (France-Antille<\/span>s du<\/span> 3 octobre 2024)<\/span>, a fortiori en <\/span>this<\/span>s soir\u00e9es <\/span>m\u00e9morables<\/span> jusqu\u2019alors comm\u00e9mor\u00e9es<\/span>. <\/span>Cette v\u00e9rit\u00e9 <\/span>qui a surpris <\/span>plus d\u2019un intellectuel<\/span>s<\/span>erait<\/span>\u2013<\/span>elle<\/span> the <\/span>raison<\/span> from<\/span>s<\/span> \u201coublis\u201d<\/span> from<\/span> 202<\/span>4 et 2025<\/span> ? C<\/span>\u2019est c<\/span>omme si <\/span>one<\/span> pi\u00e8ce ma\u00eetresse <\/span>v<\/span>enait<\/span> \u00e0 <\/span>manqu<\/span>er<\/span> \u00e0 l\u2019<\/span>\u00e9chafaud<\/span>age<\/span> and <\/span>qu<\/span>e le <\/span>r\u00e9cit manqu\u00e9 redevenait histoire<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

A la veille<\/span> from <\/span>the <\/span>guerre <\/span>d\u2019<\/span>Alg\u00e9rie <\/span>and <\/span>l\u2019or\u00e9e d<\/span>\u2019un<\/span>e promesse \u00a0de <\/span>nationalisme<\/span> les \u00e9v\u00e8nements se bousculent en Martinique, lesquels auront des r\u00e9percussions dans les autres d\u00e9partements d\u2019Outre-Mer. L<\/span>es suites de l\u2019incident t\u00e9moignent de la f\u00e9brilit\u00e9 du pouvoir <\/span>politics<\/span> et des <\/span>esp\u00e9rances<\/span> de la gente <\/span>anticolonialiste<\/span>. <\/span>Ce sera<\/span>,<\/span>d\u00e8s 1960<\/span>,<\/span> dans la foul\u00e9e du d\u00e9part des CRS<\/span>, <\/span>le renvoi du<\/span> vice-recteur <\/span>Alain Pl\u00e9nel<\/span> puis, en octobre,<\/span> l<\/span>e d\u00e9p<\/span>aysement<\/span> de 4<\/span>fonctionnaires d\u2019<\/span>Status<\/span>.<\/span> On l\u2019a dit,<\/span> d<\/span>\u00e9cembre 1959<\/span> a pour cons\u00e9quence <\/span>imm\u00e9diate<\/span> la cr\u00e9ation<\/span> \u00e0 Paris du FAGA<\/span>. L<\/span>a <\/span>Fusillade du Lamentin<\/span> en 196<\/span>1<\/span> and<\/span>,<\/span> en 1962<\/span>,<\/span> l\u2019\u00e9pisode de l\u2019OJAM<\/span> sont <\/span>les derniers <\/span>ingr\u00e9dients <\/span>d\u2019<\/span>une s\u00e9quence politi<\/span>cienne <\/span>h\u00e2tivement qualifi\u00e9e de r\u00e9volutionnaire<\/span>. <\/span>L<\/span>es 23 et 24 mars 1964<\/span>, c<\/span>elle-ci vient<\/span>se fracasser sur l\u2019\u00e9clat de la visite d\u2019<\/span>Status<\/span> du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique<\/span> en Martinique<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u201cLe g\u00e9n\u00e9ral<\/span> de Gaulle<\/span>, <\/span>\u00e9cri<\/span>t<\/span> le Monde<\/span>, a re\u00e7u un accueil non pas chaleureux ni m\u00eame enthousiaste mais tout bonnement triomphal\u201d<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

L<\/span>\u2019histoire<\/span> not <\/span>retien<\/span>t<\/span> that <\/span>deux phrases<\/span> de l\u2019\u00e9v\u00e8nement, deux phrases<\/span> culte<\/span>. L<\/span>a premi\u00e8re<\/span>, une formule gaullienne,<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u201c<\/span>Mon dieu, mon dieu, comme vous \u00eates fran\u00e7ais\u201d<\/span>,<\/span> is<\/span> raill\u00e9e<\/span> by <\/span>radio Savane<\/span>,<\/span> tandis que <\/span>la seconde<\/span>, <\/span>\u201c<\/span>on ne construit pas un \u00c9tat sur des poussi\u00e8res\u201d<\/span>,<\/span> provoqu<\/span>e<\/span> quelques \u00e9mois<\/span>. Le professeur Raoul Bernab\u00e9<\/span> r\u00e9torquera que <\/span>\u201cc<\/span>e sont des poussi\u00e8res mais<\/span> ces poussi\u00e8res nous sont ch\u00e8res\u201d<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Au terme de quatre ann\u00e9es d\u2019activisme politique qui donn<\/span>eront<\/span>naissance<\/span> to the<\/span> gauchisme, on pourrait s\u2019attendre \u00e0 une vraie confrontation politique<\/span> entre C\u00e9saire et de Gaulle<\/span>. Au contraire<\/span>, d<\/span>ans <\/span>one<\/span> veine<\/span> presque gaullienne<\/span>, <\/span>the<\/span> d\u00e9put\u00e9-maire <\/span>Aim\u00e9 C\u00e9saire<\/span>prononce une tirade<\/span> qui para\u00eet essentielle<\/span>.<\/span> En effet, c<\/span>elui qui <\/span>est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme le chantre de l\u2019autonomie, mais qui <\/span>avait <\/span>rap<\/span>port\u00e9 l<\/span>e projet <\/span>d\u2019assimilation<\/span> from<\/span> 1946<\/span>, <\/span>s<\/span>\u2019<\/span>\u00e9tait re<\/span>trouv<\/span>\u00e9<\/span>,<\/span> d\u00e8s le d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1950<\/span>,<\/span> d\u00e9\u00e7u<\/span> that <\/span>the<\/span>s<\/span> d\u00e9partement<\/span>s<\/span> d\u2019outre-mer<\/span> n<\/span>e fussent pas d\u00e9j\u00e0<\/span> some<\/span> \u201c<\/span>d\u00e9partement<\/span>s<\/span> \u00e0 part enti\u00e8re<\/span>\u201d<\/span> et qui <\/span>d\u00e9cr\u00e9ter<\/span>a<\/span> en 1981<\/span> the <\/span>moratoire<\/span> de l\u2019autonomie<\/span>,<\/span> reste fid\u00e8le \u00e0 <\/span>one <\/span>constante<\/span> de l\u2019homme politique<\/span> : toutes les d\u00e9cisions<\/span> politiques <\/span>concr\u00e8tes <\/span>prises <\/span>par Aim\u00e9 C\u00e9saire <\/span>pour son pays <\/span>aur<\/span>ont \u00e9t\u00e9 de consolider l\u2019attachement \u00e0 la France<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

Et de fait<\/span>,<\/span> l<\/span>e 23 mars 1964 <\/span>face \u00e0 son illustre repr\u00e9sentant<\/span> and <\/span>par un <\/span>vibrant <\/span>hommage \u00e0 la France<\/span>, <\/span>Aim\u00e9 C\u00e9saire<\/span> aura rendu <\/span>inaudible son discours<\/span> sur l\u2019autonomie<\/span> :<\/span><\/p>\n

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M. le Pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique, la France a fait dans ce pays une \u0153uvre admirable \u00e0 laquelle nous tous, nous rendons hommage\u00a0: la France a perc\u00e9 la route, la France a b\u00e2ti l\u2019h\u00f4pital, la France a b\u00e2ti l<\/span>\u2019\u00e9<\/span>cole, je dirai plus, la France a forg\u00e9 l\u2019homme \u00bb<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n


\nC\u2019est vrai, <\/span>en ce moment sulfureux de l\u2019\u00e9volution politique martiniquaise<\/span>, <\/span>le d\u00e9put\u00e9-maire de Fort-de-France <\/span>a pu rassurer les uns et d\u00e9concerter les autres<\/span>. <\/span>\u00a0aurait-il \u00e9t\u00e9 si<\/span>, 10 ans plus tard,<\/span> sa rencontre avec le Pr\u00e9sident Val\u00e9ry Giscard d\u2019Estaing <\/span>\u00e0 la mairie de Fort-de-France <\/span>avait eu lieu<\/span> ? La visite de celui-ci <\/span>faisait <\/span>sui<\/span>te \u00e0<\/span> une p\u00e9riode <\/span>aussi <\/span>chaude <\/span>que pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment, <\/span>dont<\/span>les incidents de Chalvet <\/span>constitu\u00e8rent<\/span> l\u2019acm\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Fort-de-France, le 31 d\u00e9cembre 2025<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nous sommes fin d\u00e9cembre 2025, la comm\u00e9moration de d\u00e9cembre 1959 a \u00e9t\u00e9 zapp\u00e9e. Bizarre ! On n\u2019en parle ni dans la presse ni dans le monde culturel. Un autre \u00e9v\u00e8nement est oubli\u00e9 par l\u2019histoire, qu\u2019on peut rattacher au premier, qui s\u2019ins\u00e8re dans une continuit\u00e9 en trompe l\u2019\u0153il de la politique martiniquaise. Moins d\u2019un an apr\u00e8s<\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":84623,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":"","rank_math_focus_keyword":"","rank_math_title":"","rank_math_description":"","rank_math_canonical_url":"","rank_math_robots":null,"rank_math_facebook_title":"","rank_math_facebook_description":"","rank_math_twitter_title":"","rank_math_twitter_description":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-84622","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-latribune"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/antilla-martinique.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84622","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/antilla-martinique.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/antilla-martinique.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antilla-martinique.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/33"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antilla-martinique.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=84622"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/antilla-martinique.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84622\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antilla-martinique.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/84623"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/antilla-martinique.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=84622"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antilla-martinique.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=84622"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antilla-martinique.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=84622"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}